In this exclusive article for H&H subscribers, equestrian journalist Pippa Cuckson digs into some of the key points up for debate surrounding the use of double bridles in grand prix dressage and touches on the politics surrounding those discussions
In 45 years as an equestrian journalist, I can recall nothing so polarising as the current debate surrounding the use of double bridles. A bitting combination that was for so many centuries considered refined and aspirational is now at the heart of a public relations crisis with welfare concerns taking centre stage.
The topic is so politically sensitive that the FEI is reluctant to elaborate on its continuing obligatory use of double bridles in international grand prix dressage competition, despite the deteriorating “optics” from the public viewpoint.
Instead it keeps its head down when a senior figure goes “off message”. During the Paris Olympics FEI head vet Goran Akerstrom briefed Reuters that several riders had been warned for alleged “blue tongue” where their use of double bridles had contributed to restricted oxygen supply of their horses’ tongues. This has never been clarified, confirmed or denied by FEI HQ.
However, H&H did not anticipate that the FEI would fail to directly answer any double bridle-related questions at all, when we aimed for more insight into the current situation.
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"}
● What are your thoughts on use of double bridles in grand prix dressage? Write to us at
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You may also be interested in:
Credit: Lucy Merrell
The use of double bridles is under debate. Library image.
Credit: Emma Herrod Photography
Credit: Andrew Sydenham
Credit: Alamy Stock Photo
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